Interestingly , solvents can be gaseous , liquid, solid or supercritical fluid The best known solvent known to mankind is water.
Caustic soda, also known as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is a highly versatile and caustic chemical compound. It is a white, solid substance with a crystalline appearance when pure. At room temperature, caustic soda is typically found in the form of solid flakes, pellets, or beads. It is highly soluble in water, producing a strong alkaline solution. It is a strong base and reacts exothermically with acids, releasing heat. It also reacts with various organic compounds, often used in saponification reactions to produce soap.
Caustic soda is a fundamental ingredient in the chemical industry, used in the production of a wide range of chemicals including: Sodium salts (e.g., sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate), Organic chemicals (e.g., plastics, synthetic fibers), Inorganic chemicals (e.g., bleach, detergents) It's also used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and as a pH adjuster in various chemical processes.
In the pulp and paper industry, caustic soda is used in the pulping process to break down lignin and separate fibers from wood or other plant materials. It's also used in bleaching processes to remove lignin, brighten pulp, and produce white paper products.
Caustic soda is used in the textile industry for various purposes, including: Mercerization of cotton fibers to improve strength, luster, and dye uptake. Desizing, scouring, and bleaching of textiles to remove impurities and enhance fabric properties.
Caustic soda is used in water treatment processes to adjust pH levels, neutralize acidity, and remove heavy metals. It's also used for the treatment of wastewater and industrial effluents to precipitate metals and neutralize acidic or alkaline solutions.
In the production of alumina from bauxite ore, caustic soda is used to dissolve aluminum oxide (alumina) from the ore through a process called Bayer's process.
Caustic soda is an effective cleaning agent and degreaser, commonly used in industrial cleaning applications for equipment, machinery, and surfaces.It's also used in household cleaning products for heavy-duty cleaning tasks.
In the food industry, caustic soda is used for cleaning and sanitation purposes, particularly in equipment and facilities where strict hygiene standards are required. It's used to clean food processing equipment, sanitize food preparation surfaces, and remove grease and residues.
Caustic soda is used in various processes in the petroleum industry, including refining, drilling, and production. It's used in refining operations to remove impurities from crude oil and in drilling operations to neutralize acidic components in drilling fluids.
| CAS No. | 1310-73-2 |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | Sodium Hydroxide |
| Molecular Weight | 39.997 |
| Phase at STP | Solid |
| Appearance | White crystalline |
| Odour | Odourless |
| Taste | Sour-bitter |
| Category | Corrosive |
| Grade | Lye & Flakes |
| Grades | Lye | Flakes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phase | Liquid | Solid | |
Specification |
|||
| Sodium Hydroxide | >47.5% | >99.5% | |
| Sodium Carbonate | <0.4 % | <0.4% | |
| Sodium Chloride | <50 ppm (<0.02 %) | <1000 ppm (<0.1 %) | |
| Iron | <20 ppm | <20 ppm | |
| Nickel | <10 ppm | ||
| Silicate | < 0.01 % | ||
| Sulphate | < 0.05 % | ||
| Copper | < 1 ppm | ||
| Manganese | < 0.05 ppm | ||
| Matter insoluble in Water | < 0.02 % | ||
| Packing | Tanker Load | 25 Kg HDPE Bag with inner HM-HDPE Liner | |
Caustic potash, also known as potassium hydroxide (KOH), is a powerful alkali chemical compound. Caustic potash is typically found in the form of white, deliquescent pellets, flakes, or granules. It readily absorbs moisture from the air, forming a viscous liquid solution. It is a strong base and reacts exothermically with acids, releasing heat. It is also used in saponification reactions to produce potassium soaps.
Caustic potash is used as a versatile reagent in the chemical industry for the production of various potassium compounds. Potassium phosphates and potassium sulphates. It's also used in the synthesis of organic chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and as a catalyst in certain chemical reactions.
Caustic potash is a key ingredient in the production of liquid soaps, detergents, and cleaning agents. It's used in saponification reactions to convert fats and oils into potassium salts (potassium soaps), which are more soluble in water than sodium soaps.
Potassium hydroxide is used in the production of potassium-containing fertilizers, such as potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, and potassium phosphate. It's applied to soil as a source of potassium, an essential nutrient for plant growth and development.
Caustic potash is used in the production of biodiesel as a catalyst in the transesterification reaction, which converts vegetable oils or animal fats into biodiesel and glycerol. It helps to break down triglycerides into fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel) and glycerol.
Potassium hydroxide is used as an electrolyte in alkaline batteries, providing the necessary conductive medium for the flow of ions between the electrodes.
In the food industry, caustic potash is used for various purposes, including: pH adjustment and neutralization of acidic solutions in food processing, Cleaning and sanitation of food processing equipment and facilities, Peeling of fruits and vegetables, particularly for products like olives and potatoes.
Caustic potash is used in the textile industry for mercerization of cotton fibers to improve their strength, luster, and dye absorption properties. It's also used in the production of synthetic fibers such as rayon and viscose.
Potassium hydroxide is used in various processes in the petroleum industry, including refining, drilling, and production. It's used in refining operations to remove impurities from crude oil and in drilling operations to neutralize acidic components in drilling fluids.
| CAS No. | 1310-58-3 |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | Potassium Hydroxide |
| Molecular Weight | 56.106 |
| Phase at STP | Solid |
| Appearance | White crystalline |
| Odour | Odourless |
| Taste | Sour-bitter |
| Category | Corrosive |
| Grade | Lye & Flakes |
| Grades | Lye | Flakes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phase | Liquid | Solid | |
Specification |
|||
| Potassium Hydroxide | >47% | >87% | |
| Potassium Carbonate | <0.5 % | <1% | |
| Potassium Chloride | <150 ppm | <300 ppm | |
| Iron | <20 ppm | <20 ppm | |
| Packing | Tanker Load | 25 Kg HDPE Bag with inner HM-HDPE Liner 50 Kg HDPE Bag with inner HM-HDPE Liner | |
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a highly corrosive, strong mineral acid with various industrial applications. It is a solution of hydrogen chloride gas in water and is colorless with a pungent odor. Hydrochloric acid is typically found as a clear, colorless liquid when dissolved in water. It is highly soluble in water, and the concentration of the solution can vary depending on its intended use.
Hydrochloric acid is a versatile chemical used in the production of various chemicals, including: Chlorine gas (Cl2) and chlorine-containing compounds, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) for plastics manufacturing, Synthetic rubber, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and other organic chemicals
Hydrochloric acid is used in the steel industry for pickling and cleaning steel surfaces before further processing, such as galvanizing, plating, or coating. It removes rust, scale, and other impurities from the surface of steel, improving its surface quality and promoting adhesion of coatings.
In the food industry, hydrochloric acid is used for various purposes, including: pH adjustment and acidification of food products, particularly in the production of cheeses, canned goods, and processed foods, Cleaning and sanitation of food processing equipment and facilities.
Hydrochloric acid is used in water treatment processes for pH adjustment, neutralization of alkaline water, and removal of carbonate and bicarbonate ions. It's also used for disinfection and control of pH levels in swimming pools and municipal water supplies.
In the oil and gas industry, hydrochloric acid is used for well stimulation, particularly in hydraulic fracturing (fracking) operations. It's injected into the well to dissolve minerals and open fractures in the rock formation, enhancing oil and gas production.
Hydrochloric acid is commonly used in laboratories for pH adjustment, acidification of solutions, and as a reagent in various chemical reactions. It's used in titrations, acid-base reactions, and analytical procedures in chemistry and biochemistry.
Hydrochloric acid is used in desalination processes to remove scale and mineral deposits from membranes and equipment in reverse osmosis systems. It helps to maintain the efficiency and longevity of desalination equipment.
Hydrochloric acid is used to regenerate ion exchange resins used in water softening and demineralization processes. It removes accumulated ions from the resin beads, allowing them to be reused in subsequent water treatment cycles..
| CAS No. | 7647-01-0 |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 36.46 |
| Phase at STP | Gas |
| Appearance | Colourless |
| Odour | Pungent |
| Taste | Faintly Bitter |
| Category | Corrosive |
| Grade | Liquid |
| Phase | Liquid |
|---|---|
| Specification | |
| Hydrochloric Acid | >30 % |
| Free Chlorine | <10 ppm |
| Iron | <5 ppm |
| Packing | Tanker Load |
Methyldene dichloride, also known as dichloromethane or methylene chloride, is a colorless, volatile liquid with a sweet odor. It is a halogenated organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine, with the chemical formula CH2Cl2. Dichloromethane is a clear, colorless liquid at room temperature and pressure. It has a relatively low boiling point of around 40°C and is highly volatile.
Dichloromethane is widely used as a solvent in various chemical reactions, particularly for organic synthesis and extraction processes. It is valued for its ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds, making it useful for separating and purifying reaction products.
Dichloromethane is used as a solvent in paint stripping formulations and as a degreaser for removing grease, oil, and other contaminants from metal surfaces. It is effective in breaking down and dissolving paint, varnish, and adhesive residues from surfaces without damaging the substrate.
Dichloromethane is commonly used for the extraction of natural products, such as essential oils, flavors, and fragrances, from plant materials. Its ability to selectively dissolve certain organic compounds makes it a preferred solvent for extracting valuable components from botanicals.
In the pharmaceutical industry, dichloromethane is used as a solvent in the production of various pharmaceutical products, including medications, capsules, and topical formulations. It is utilized for dissolving and extracting active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and other ingredients in drug formulations.
Dichloromethane is widely used in laboratories for various purposes, including: Solvent for chromatography and spectroscopy techniques, Extraction of organic compounds from mixtures as well as Cleaning and degreasing of glassware and laboratory equipment.
In the production of polyurethane foams, dichloromethane is sometimes used as a blowing agent to create cellular structures and impart desired properties to the foam. It helps to generate gas bubbles during the foaming process, resulting in lightweight and insulating foam materials.
Dichloromethane is used in the formulation of adhesives and sealants, particularly for bonding plastics, rubber, and metal substrates. It can dissolve and soften certain polymers, allowing for strong adhesion and bonding between surfaces.
Dichloromethane is employed in the synthesis of various organic compounds and intermediates, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty chemicals. It serves as a versatile reagent and solvent in organic chemistry reactions, such as chlorination, halogenation, and esterification.
| CAS No. | 75-09-2 |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | Dichloromethane |
| Molecular Weight | 84.93 |
| Phase at STP | Liquid |
| Appearance | Colourless |
| Odour | Chloroform-like |
| Taste | Taste |
| Category | Health Hazard |
| Phase | Liquid |
|---|---|
| Specification | |
| Methylene dichloride | 99.95% |
| Moisture | <100 ppm |
| Non-Volatile Residue | <20 ppm |
| Chloroform | <50 ppm |
| Carbon Tetrachloride | <50 ppm |
| Hydrochloric Acid | <1 ppm |
| Free Chlorine | <1 ppm |
| Packing | Tanker Load |